The methodology of scientific research programmes Coursework

The methodology of scientific research programmes - Coursework Example The main weakness of Popper’s account of scientific method is that it is not historically accurate. This is because a look at the history of science shows that science grows through the development or the improvement of the existing scientific theories, rather than through the refutations of the existing scientific theories. According to Thomas Kuhn, on the other hand, science does not grow through linear accumulation of knowledge. For Kuhn, science grows through major revolutions; according to Kuhn, a revolution occurs in science when an old paradigm is replaced by a new paradigm. Kuhn held that revolutions in science are precipitated by anomalies in the existing paradigms; for Kuhn, therefore, revolutions or paradigm shifts in science occurs to correct or to overcome the anomalies in the existing paradigm. The main weakness of Kuhn’s account of scientific method is that, just like Popper’s account of scientific method, Kuhn’s account of scientific method is also not historically accurate. This is because a look at the history of science shows that science grows in other ways, other than through revolutions; for this reason, therefore, Kuhn offered only one mode of growth of science. In his account of scientific method, Lakatos taught that the appropriate unit of appraisal of scienfific method is not an individual theory, as Popper and taught, but a sequence of related theories, i.e. a scientific research programme. The Lakatos’ research programme has a hardcore, the protective belt, negative heuristic, and the positive heuristic. For Lakatos, the hardcore is the theoretical hypothesis that forms the basis upon which the research programme is developed; Lakatos’ hardcore is comparable to Kuhn’s paradigm. Protective belt, on the other hand, refers to the auxiliary hypotheses which are adjusted so as to save the research programme from refutation. Negative heuristic for Lakatos stipulates the

The Basics of Essay Writing

The Basics of Essay WritingAs it stands, there are only a few ways to discuss in essay writing. By taking a quick look at the trend we can probably conclude that article writing is becoming the main article writing technique in all universities and colleges in the country.The issue here is not the fact that articles are being written in essay writing. It's that this is the only kind of essay writing technique that many teachers and lecturers are willing to permit their students to use. We all know that the topic in question can be a bit boring so how can this be solved? Well, it doesn't have to be solved as long as you know that you have the power to turn your essay into an interesting discussion and that is all you need to do.An easy way to mention and discuss in essay writing is to identify the subject matter that you are writing about. It is quite possible to discover a topic that will interest both you and your audience. Such an assignment is definitely something that your editor would not mind having you write.Writing about a subject that has already been covered in some articles is also an important task for you. You should make sure that the article you are writing about is something that will strike a chord with the reader and cause him or her to ask you about it later. If you do it right, you can find yourself in the first pages of the academic journal.However, there are other ways to discuss in essay writing too. One of them is to simply make use of examples. Just like writing fiction, you can mention in an essay what you have read in a newspaper article, or what you have heard from a person of authority figure. This is one of the most effective means of discussing and writing about.One more important point to be made here is that the purpose of writing the article is the main determinant of whether or not you will be successful or not. To effectively showcase your expertise, you need to include something that the article won't miss out on. It's cruci al to remember that only you are the one that is the one writing the essay, so you can get away with a whole lot of embellishments if you will take the right approach.To sum up, it is always advisable to know how to address a particular topic and in addition to that, how to make it interesting. When you find the latter point, you can start by making use of all the ways mentioned above.

The Nuiances of Essay Writing Music Playlist

The Nuiances of Essay Writing Music Playlist Choosing Good Essay Writing Music Playlist When it has to do with songwriting simple is always powerful. A song ought to have a feeling of movement and a roller coaster feel in order for it to stand the test of time. If you are in possession of a simple structure and concept to work with, it's a lot easier to produce your own suggestions and create something new. Be a creative whirlwind and then you'll have a great deal of wonderful material to work with when you get back in the studio. Beautiful, catchy melodies are a rare commodity and needs to be treated with the right respect. If nothing else, you are going to be creating sounds and synth presets you can use in the future whenever you have a stronger creative flow. Sometimes the best method to improve your songwriting is to decide on a gear limit. A superb notation program should let you create all types of music notation you require. 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Keeping a consistent voice within the body paragraphs, in addition to the remainder of the essay, is also an additional ability that sixth-grade teachers will be on the lookout for when grading. The chorus is written first a lot since it's normally a little more general, much less descriptive and more emotional. But It's well-known that silence is great for you. Just take a short-term oath of silence. Make your choices based on what you wish to achieve as a writer, and what exactly you want to be successful. This is the sole way that you'll grow as a writer. When you're listening to music and writing at the identical time, most individuals have a tendency to go distracted. People today have a tendency to obey music even while doing something different. It basically can help reverse-engineer your favourite songs, the ones that provide you the chills, and see the mechanics of the way that it might have been made by the artist. You might also need to learn more about the area of music publishing. If you are the same as me, however, you like totally free stuff, particularly if it works. There's still a great deal of mystery to songwriting. As a consequence, nothing should block you as soon as it has to do with deciding on the very best software. It's been around for quite a long time now, and while it may look a little outdated, its functionality is definitely not. As a consequence, before settling on a specific software, it is advised that one considers the platform specifications. Although TextMaker is the completely free word processor inside this office suite, it doesn't arrive with the capability to save in docx format if you don't choose the premium version. Lastly, the traditional object of advice is to simply make and get your songs out to the kidsIf you wish to entertain and inspire kids, there are tons of means to secure you and your music out there. Keeping your track as easy as possible at first is a superior means to accelerate the songwriting procedure and work out the structure of your song. Excellent for pumping out some excellent songs. The association between lyric and melody works in the identical way. What's more, there's no 1 approach to compose a song. Listen to another sort of music go out of your way to locate a few songs which you never thought you'd listen to and sit through them. Musink is a fantastic music writing software that enables its users to earn beautiful sheet music quickly. Finding an outside persceptive on your track from a fellow musician can help bring the most out of your music. New Step by Step Roadmap for Essay Writing Music Playlist There's, obviously, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Even in the event the deadline is truly tight, feel free to get hold of our managers. Getting started is often the hardest aspect of the songwriting approach. There's every chance we aren't a very good fit and we won't do the job together. The rest of The sentences should function as an outline for the remainder of your paper. The fiv e-paragraph format is normally used in sixth grade. Ask ADHD students to compose a paragraph consisting of only a couple of sentences. Up in Arms About Essay Writing Music Playlist? It's also a great idea to get hold of them from time to time and ask about resources they have that might have the ability to provide help. It still feels natural nearly all of the moment. Time is a tough scale to balance. Business plan template program.

What Everybody Dislikes About Reader Response College Level Example Papers and Why

What Everybody Dislikes About Reader Response College Level Example Papers and Why Working, interning, and volunteering may also be a fantastic way to construct your resume and start building a professional network. Again, students should keep away from the practical and revolve around the fun. To begin with, college freshman must select the appropriate sheets. If college freshmen are armed with the knowledge of what they're getting into, they're more prepared to avoid getting into trouble. After the first couple of weeks of the semester, you're expected to produce your own writing topics. Primarily, you have to pick a course which you desire to pursue and then you need to face the entrance examinations and then the toughest part, the choosing of the school in which you want to study. You must be ready to challenge yourself to learn new things from each one of the courses that you attend. Even if your course doesn't, you can master the art of breaking huge assignments down into smaller projects rather than leaving an unmanageable quantity of work until the previous minute. The Fight Against Reader Response College Level Example Papers Regardless of what stage you're at in your college career, here are some ideas you may take to get prepared for the future. There are two or three versions of a university paper outline template that may be convenient for an aspiring college student. The good thing is that you are able to combat College freshman weight gain with a s mall effort, and have your very best body ever! Along with that, you're already mature enough to make an application for an easy college education financial aid. There are not any responsibilities besides school, perhaps a part-time job and practice if you're a student athlete. The standards of the school also has to be considered. You can create an excellent reputation for a student who's serious about your major. As you probably know, our president is extremely keen on women and men returning back to school. People out to benefit from a drunken freshman are far more likely to prey on a person who is alone, instead of someone surrounded by means of a pack of friends. If you struggle to locate the appropriate gifts for your college age kids you aren't alone. Knowing exactly what you could afford will help you save you time. Reader Response College Level Example Papers - the Story In other instances, your ongoing financial aid may be impacted. A college essay outline is a simple guide to follow so the structure of the pa per is logical. When writing an introductory part, be sure you bring a thesis statement to it, whose principal objective is to voice your opinion about the topic. Your university can offer several resources that will help you through the procedure for planning and drafting an academic paper. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Reader Response College Level Example Papers It's also crucial that you read the standards in order to meet the requirements for the financial assistance program. The above is the most fundamental essay outline. You're able to discover a lot of information about what to eat to be able to be healthy. Just remember to know of your requirements and kind of individuals who want to get along with while looking for a specific club. Listed here are some gift ideas to think about. With only two or three clicks and search abilities, it is simple to find number of sites providing details and data about sex clubs in Vegas and different areas of your pick. The variety of paragraphs is dependent upon the topic area and your attitude to an issue. It is very important to organize your essay the suitable way. There might be questions your professor is prepared to answer when you're in their workplace. While evidence from the assigned book is vital, it's often valuable to include evidence from beyond the book too. The secret to developing your voice is to continue writing and to think about what specific kinds of writing excite you. Remember that before you've written academic essays employing the third individual. After all, whether you grow to be a teacher, physician, or engineer, you are going to be part of society, and it is essential that you have a basic comprehension of how society functions. If you're not exactly certain of what you want perform a career search.

Automatic Speech Recognition Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Automatic Speech Recognition - Research Paper Example The creation of ASR system had an aim to provide people with a machine that can translate each word spoken by them in real time. The system still has enough to incorporate and advance more. There still is a gap between expectations from ASR systems and their performance. The ASR systems are meant to recognize the speech of human beings without being interrupted from the speaker’s accent, choice of words, noise or other features. Commercially available ASR systems need a lesser amount of speaker training and have the capability to recognize the continuous speech vocabulary with higher efficiency along with a broader range of vocabularies being captured. Commercial companies are often found to claim that ASR systems provide 98 to 99 percent accuracy provided that they are working under optimal conditions. Optimal conditions are when the users have speech habits which are in line with the training data, when the users have proper speaker adaptation and when the process is carried out in a noise-free environment. It can be explained from this information that recognition rates for heavily accented people may be lower than others. Although there still is a room for improvement in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems, there are a number of application areas which benefit from its use. Telecommunications is one of the major application areas as speech recognition software acts as an interface that directly transfers data through a communication system into the information system. Today, inquiry systems, dialing assistance and telephony interpretations are some of the examples where ASR systems are used. Office automation is another area that benefits from the use of ASR. The crucial application areas of ASR include ASR in CAD applications and providing input using direct command in computers. Medical applications also make use of this technology for

Estimation Model And Decomposition

Estimation Model And Decomposition In this lecture we introduce project estimation to estimate project resource requirements, time duration, human effort, and cost. We also discuss the models and techniques used in the project estimation. We also discuss the estimation methods such as comparative, top-down, bottom-up (engineering), historical analogy and expert judgment. Then we presented decomposition technique to break down the project into tasks to assist us in estimating the project. We focus on the work breakdown structure (WBS) decomposition method. Learning Outcomes Understand estimation model Understand decomposition technique and planning tools 1.0 Introduction In this lecture we continue discussion of project management in software engineering. We start by introducing the project estimation to estimate project resource requirements, time duration, human effort, and cost. We discuss the models and techniques used in the project estimation. We also discuss the estimation methods such as comparative, top-down, bottom-up (engineering), historical analogy and expert judgment. Then we present decomposition technique to decompose the project into tasks to assist us in estimating the project. We focus on the work breakdown structure (WBS) decomposition method. 2.0 Estimation Model Project estimation is a highly subjective and person-dependent process. A project task could be done in one day by one person but could take a few hours by another person. Hence, different estimates could be given by different persons of the time it takes to perform a task. After actual execution and performing of the task, the time it has taken to be performed is a measured, actual and real time. Accordingly, any time estimate to performing the task that is not close to the actual time is inaccurate. Project estimates are established at early in a project by the software development team and corporation management. These estimates are required for project resources, work to be done, project cost, project schedule, and time to delivery. Project estimates are required during project planning which is a crucial phase of the project lifecycle. Project estimating techniques are available based on metrics accumulated from past similar project experiences. Projects should be estimated in a structured and formal way, otherwise, estimates are inaccurate and projects could be handed in late. Structured and formal project estimation methods that use sound techniques and understanding have the following advantages: They make estimates more accurate They allow the project team to reach a consensus on the estimates They improve the accuracy of those estimates They make it much more likely that projects will come in on time Project planning requires estimates of the: Resource requirements Human effort- in person-months Time project duration- in calendar time Project cost and budget In practice, project history and past experience are often used as a guide in estimating the above values. The estimation usually requires breaking the project into pieces. At early stages in a project the software development team and management team must establish estimates for resources required (human resources, equipment, software, space, tools, etc.), work to be done and time to product delivery. Cost, time, and resource estimating techniques are available based on metrics accumulated from past similar project experiences. Usually, several approaches and methods are used to estimate these values. Then, estimated values that result from different estimation methods are compared. If these values vary widely, then this variance is taken as an indication of the need for more information. Projects could fail due to different causes related to project estimation. For example, the initial estimation of the budget needed for the completion of the project could be too little or too much. This can also be applied to the duration of the project, as some projects fail due to too little time being assigned for completion. As well as this, another factor that leads to project failure is ill planning, where the whole project is not planned out right from the start. Also, the goals and objectives of a project, which are developed at the start of the project may be regularly altered/changed which as a result causes confusion within the workforce. In addition to this, due to technology being a fast-paced industry, the personnel of the project need to stay up-to-date with this rapid change in order to use the correct the technology for the project. Finally, a lack of or ineffective communication between the workforce of the project, regardless of their role and position, can also l ead to broken interactions and project failure. Estimates could be inaccurate due to different reasons including people injury, sickness, or resign. Project development teams could run into unexpected technical problems, etc. Therefore, the objective of estimation is that people in the organization who have the training and knowledge to give an honest, well-informed opinion of the effort (time, cost, resources, etc. ) required to do a task. The uncertainty about the project could be reduced and more accurate estimates could be generated by producing well-documents about the project scope and vision by the organizations management and by reaching a consensus on the tasks that must be performed by the development team members. This consensus could be reached through discussion of assumptions. The following are some project estimation techniques (models): Source Lines of Code (SLOC): Source Lines of Code (SLOC) is the oldest metric for estimating project effort and thus is the primary input of older cost estimation models. The accurate estimation of a software project estimate is based on size of the project to be built. Project size is translated into human effort, time and money. Software Equation: In software equation estimate data is collected for thousands of similar projects and a the estimation model is a software equation as given below: EPM = (L x Sk(1/3) / PP)3 x (1/d4) Where EPM- is the Effort in Person Months L is the number of code Line Sk is the factor of Special sKills PP is the Parameter of Productivity D is the project Duration Using SLOC as input for cost estimation has some disadvantages because estimating the SLOC early in the software development lifecycle can be difficult. Therefore, if the SLOC estimate is inaccurate, the output of the dependant cost estimation model will be inaccurate. Software LIfecycle Management (SLIM): SLIM was developed in the late 1970s. Wideband Delphi: Wideband Delphi is an effective technique in estimating software tasks. Proxy Based Estimating (PROBE): This is an estimation method that looks at the history of a person in terms of components he has built in the past. It states that a person constructing a component that he has previously constructed (or one similar to it) then the amount of effort that will go into building this component will roughly be the same. The Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO): COnstructive COst MOdel (COCOMO) is a software cost and schedule estimating method which was developed in the early 1980s. It was developed through an experiment which involved the analyzing and evaluating of results for 63 software development projects. COCOMO was updated in 1991 for modern development life cycles, in order to accommodate larger sets of data. It is calculated on the basis of 15 cost factors. These factors, sometimes called variables, cover the cost of the software needed, any computer hardware that will be used, and the cost of labor (wages). These are inputted into the model and as a result, an output is arrived at estimating the size and effort that need to be put into the project for it to succeed. The Planning Game: The Planning Game is the software project planning method developed by Extreme Programming (XP). It was developed in the 1990s. It is basically used to manage the negotiation between the development team and the stakeholders (Business customers). Unlike Delphi, PROBE, and COCOMO, the Planning Game does not require a documented description of the scope of the project to be estimated. Rather, it is a full planning process that combines estimation with identifying the scope of the project and the tasks required to complete the software. Estimates use comparative estimate, grass roots estimate, engineering estimate (bottom-up), top-down estimate, historical analogy estimate, expert judgment estimate, models estimate, and/or rules-of-thumb estimate. Typically, estimates are made using some combination of these/some of these estimate methods. These estimate methods are described in the following paragraphs. Comparative estimate: Comparative estimate compares project with past similar projects. One advantages of this method is that estimates are based on actual experience. One disadvantages of this method is that truly similar projects must exist. Engineering estimate (Bottom-up): Engineering Estimate (Bottom-up) assigns different components of the project to individuals to estimate. Then, component estimates are summed to obtain total estimate of the project. Advantages of this method include generation of accurate estimates because of detailed basis for estimate, promotion of individual responsibility, and support of project tracking. Some disadvantages of this method are that the method is time- consuming, detailed data is needed which may not be available, especially before the project starts or early in the project, and integration costs may be disregarded. Top-Down estimate: Top-Down estimate partitions the project into lower level components where life cycle phases begin at highest level. Some advantages of this estimate are that it is more applicable to early project estimates, it considers system level activities, it is faster, and easier to implement. Some disadvantages of this estimate is that it is less accurate than other methods, it tends to overlook lower-level components, and it provides little detail. Historical analogy estimate: Historical analogy estimate is based on using the software size, effort, or cost of a comparable project from the past. The comparison is made using measures or data that has been recorded from completed software projects. Analogical estimates can be made at high levels using total software project size and/or cost for individual Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) categories in the process of developing the main software cost estimate. Expert judgment estimates: Expert judgment estimates specifies that software development team consults with one or more experts. Some advantage of this estimate is that little or no historical data are needed, and it is good for new or unique projects. Some disadvantages of this estimate is that experts tend to be biased, and their knowledge level is sometimes questionable. This is a subjective estimate based upon what the estimator remembers from previous projects and gets modified mentally as deemed appropriate. If the estimator has significant recent experience in both the software domain of the planned project then, expert judgment can be relatively accurate. Model-based estimate: Model-based estimate uses mathematical relationships or parametric cost models. Parametric cost models are empirical relationships derived by using statistical techniques applied to data from similar previous projects. Rules-of-thumb estimate: Rules-of-thumb estimate come in a variety of forms and can be a way of expressing estimates as a simple mathematical relationship (e.g. cost = Lines_of_Code / 10) or as percentage allocations of effort over activities or phases based upon historical data (e.g. coding task is 22% of Total Effort). The popular project estimates approach is to use several methods and compare values. If these values vary widely, then this variance is taken as an indication of the need for more information. Model-based estimates along with high-level analogies are the principal source of estimates in early conceptual stages. At early stages of the project or before it starts, we usually do not have a clear estimates, but as a project matures and the requirements and design are better understood, analogy estimates based upon more detailed functional decompositions become the primary method of estimation, with model-based estimates used as a means of estimate validation or as a correctness check. Whatever method is used, it is most important that the assumptions and formulas are documented to enable more thorough review and to make it easier to revise estimates at completion of the project when assumptions may need to be revised. Expected Value for Software Size is computed as follows: Suppose that: Expected value for estimation variable (size) estimate = S, Weighted Average of Optimistic estimate = (S opt) Most likely estimate (S m) Pessimistic estimate (S pess ) Then, S can be computed as: S = (S opt +4 S m + S pess)/6 The calculation of the effort put in, in terms of persons-month, in a dynamic multi variable model can be defined as follows: Software Equation (E) = [LOC * B0.333/P]3 *(1/t4) Where: E is effort in person-months, t is the duration of the project, B is special skills factor, P is productivity. 2.1 Decomposition Technique Decomposition technique is used to estimate the project as presented in the previous section. After decomposing the entire project into a number of smaller tasks, we make project estimates. It is easier to handle smaller tasks than to handle a very larger project as a whole. So, the entire project (problem) is broken down into number of smaller tasks (problems) and then each smaller problem could be solved easily. Decomposition technique is used as a technique or model for cost and project estimate. It is difficult to estimate the project as one task. Therefore, the project is decomposed into smaller tasks and each task is estimated individually and then the partial estimations of project tasks are added up for the whole project. Decomposition technique is used as a technique or model for cost and project estimate. It is difficult to estimate the project as one task. Therefore, the project is decomposed into smaller tasks and each task is estimated individually and then the partial estimations of project tasks are added up for the whole project. A sound and formal estimate starts with a work breakdown structure (WBS). A WBS is a list of project major phases, deliverables, and work components (tasks) that will be built by the project that, when completed, will produce the final product. These work components/tasks can then be broken down into the activities that are required to build them. The concept of this technique is to break down the work into smaller tasks. Each task can in turn be broken down further. This technique is very useful for the project development team and project management team to become familiar with the scope of the project, identifies work tasks, needed resources, and cost estimation. It also helps to monitor the projects progress. Project managers use the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) to estimate projects and make complex projects more manageable. Some advantages of using WBS include: Assists with more accurate project estimation in cost, effort, resources, and schedule Assists with project organization Helps with assigning responsibilities to project development team members. A WBS that is correctly designed allows for the easy assignment of tasks to a specific element of the WBS, cutting down on confusion/duplication of assigned tasks. Shows the control points and project milestones Helps explain the project scope to customers and stakeholders Assist in planning and control of the project Tasks and Subtasks are related to each other in the sequence of project task networks. Project Task networks graphically visualize the tasks/sub-tasks and their relationships. Project Task networks are also known as activity networks. The Work Breakdown Structure is a tree structure. The root of the tree is the whole project and the children of the root are the main tasks at first level of the tree which compose the project. At level 2 of the tree are the sub-tasks of the main tasks of the project at level 1. The rest levels of the tree are constructed similarly. Using the tree structure of the WBS allows the determining of secondary costs for tasks, resources, etc., into their advanced level parent tasks, materials, etc. The WBS is the basis for dividing work into defined tasks from which the, schedule, cost, and labor hour reporting can be established. There are many ways to decompose a project into tasks. Different project break-down ways lead to different estimates. If the generated WBS is incorrect, then the project estimates are wrong and time is wasted in doing the estimates. The project can be broken down by feature, by project phase (requirements tasks, design tasks, programming tasks, QA tasks, etc.), or by some combination of the two. WBS uses similar previous projects history and previous experience of projects that have been developed to generate project t estimates. Large projects are broken into more tasks than smaller projects or they can be broken into larger tasks than smaller projects. WBS, when created, is used by the project team to create an estimate of the effort required to perform each task. The most accurate estimates are those that rely on similar projects history and prior experience. Team members should review previous project results and find how long similar tasks in previous projects took to complete. Sources of delays in the past should be taken into account when making current estimates. The level of granularity of WBS varies depending on the level of abstraction and what information is available. At lower-levels of the WBS, expert judgment is the primary method used, while at higher levels of the WBS model-based estimates are more common. It is not possible to define a task set for the project uniquely. No set of tasks is appropriate for all types of projects. Project breakdown into tasks is dependent on the size of the project, complexities involved in the project, constraints of the projects and the skill set and capabilities of the team members working on the project. Project tasks have to be properly distributed according to the needs of the project deadlines and schedule. To develop a project schedule, a task set must be distributed on the project time line. The project set of tasks is defined based on the category of the project which is dealt with by the development team. Summary In this lecture we introduce project estimation to estimate project resource requirements, time duration, human effort, and cost. We also discuss the models and techniques used in the project estimation. We also discuss the estimation methods such as comparative, top-down, bottom-up (engineering), historical analogy and expert judgment. Then we presented decomposition technique to break down the project into tasks to assist us in estimating the project. We focus on the work breakdown structure (WBS) decomposition method. Exercises Is it possible to create a realistic estimate before the project team has agreed on the technical design for the software? When the team is working together to generate an estimate, should the testers estimate tasks which will be performed by the programmers? List three models of project estimate. What is estimated using project estimate? Describe the objectives of using decomposition technique? List advantages of decomposition technique for company managers. Describe the Source Lines of Code (SLOC) estimation method. List two advantages and two disadvantages of using The Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO). What is the difference between Engineering estimate (Bottom-up) and top-down estimate? Explain decomposition techniques. How do you define a task set for the software project? What are project task networks?

The Colliding Dynamics of Class Structure Essay -- Social Studies

The rigidity of class structure is the culprit for the vast number of inequities in society. Power is concentrated in the hands of a small sector; leaving a few individuals to have more authority and influence, in comparison to others. The construction of class structure identifies the way groups are divided into social positions. Differences stemming from social position are further exemplified by the accessibility to valuable resources–such as wealth, education, occupation, and status. Those with distinguished command in society have access to these increasingly wide ranges of resources, which may be present in limited forms to the less powerful. Used as a device of supremacy, power is a style of control when the basis is acquiring these societal possessions. Even though class structure is considered to be fluid in nature, for some it is a complex web of entanglements hard to deal with it. Groups who suffer from social and material deprivations are not doing so by choice, b ut hugely in part to economical and occupational factors. These prominent distinctions have led several to fall victim to the systems of hierarchy. Built within these schemes are the inequalities that arise due to one’s position; and captured inside are the outcomes that influence levels of individual, educational, and occupational independence. People who do observe the inequities between classes may feel the impact of social stratification in various ways. Similarly the dynamics of class structure are very significant elements found throughout the works of Virginia Woolf, George Orwell, and Karl Marx. They are all in agreement that society host the series of conflicts underlying that of class structure. Class structure as a whole denotes differing realit... ...ist Feminism." Critical Sociology (Brill Academic Publishers) 25.2/3 (1999): 196-217. Academic Search Complete. Web. 19 Mar. 2012. Marx, Karl, and Frederick Engels. Marx/Engels Selected Works, Vol. One. Moscow. Progress Publishers, 1969, N. pag. http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist- manifesto/index.htm. Web. 23 Apr. 2012. Orwell, George. "Shooting an Elephant". The Seagull Reader Essays. 2nd Edition. Ed. Joseph Kelly. New York. W. W. Norton & Company, Inc, 2008. 243-250. Print. Peet, Richard. "Inequality and Poverty: A Marxist-Geographic Theory." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 65.4 (1975): 564-571. Academic Search Complete. Web. 19 Mar. 2012. Woolf, Virginia. A Room of One's Own. New York. Quality Paperback Book Club, 1992. Print. Woolf, Virginia. Three Guineas. New York. Quality Paperback Book Club, 1992. Print.