Translation Theory Revision Essay Example for Free

Translation Theory Revision EssayTranslation The shape of translation between two different phraseologys involves the translator changing an original text edition (the ejaculate text ST) in the original verbal languages (the outset languages SL) in a different verbal language (the target language TL) S. Bassnet def Translation is rendering of a SL text into the TL so as to ensure that 1) the out meaning of the two will be approximately similar, and 2) the structures of the SL will e preserved as closely as possible but not so closely that the TL structures will be seriously distorted. Susan Basset Telling the same things in a different language in a vogue that sounds natural, getting the point across. Translation types Semiotic classification Intralingual an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language Interlingual an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language Intersemiotic an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign systems. Binary classificationsFree translation translator replaces a social, or cultural, reality in the source text with a corresponding reality in the target text Literal rendering of text from one language to another watchword-for-word. Overt is a TT that does not mean to be an original. The individual text endure cannot be tha same for TT and ST since the cultures are different. cover song ST is not linked to the ST culture or audience both ST and TT address their respective receivers directly.Domestication vs foreigization translation methods that move the writer toward the reviewer, i.e. , fluency, and those that move the ref toward the author (domestication) , i. e. , an extreme fidelity to the foreignness of the source text (foreignization). Documentary (preserve the original exoticizing setting) vs instrumental (adaptation of the setting to the target culture) Text Type TheoryKatharina Reiss. Determine, what kind of text you are dealing with Informative plain facts (newspaper article) Expressive creative composition (poetry) Operative including behavioural responses (ads) Multi/audio-medial (films or visual/oral ads).Equivalence Dynamic equating (also kn avow as functional equivalence) attempts to convey the thought expressed in a source text (if necessary, at the expense of literalness, original word order, the source texts grammatical voice, etc. ), while formal equivalence attempts to render the text word-for-word (if necessary, at the expense of natural expression in the target language). J. C. Catford A formal correspondent any TL category which van be said to occupy the same place in SL A textual analogous any TL text or part of text that van be said to be the equivalent of the ST Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) A steadfastly empirical (kogemuslik) discipline Describes and maps translations Proposes hypotheses as why the translations are like they are Avoids being prescriptive The aim of DTS is to acquire insight into the nature and function of translation as a cultural and historical phenomenon DTS leading figures Gideon Toury, Andre Lefevere advance(prenominal) translation theory Cicero senise-for-sense. Synthesized in Latin Greek philosophers. The founder of westbound translation theory. The 1st to comment on the process of translation. Translation serves as the study and imitation of rhetorical stupefys.Free translation that is focused on the meaning. Horace model target orientation. Aesthetically pleasing and creative translation. Art of Poetry. Quintilian remarks on translations are v much in the Ciceroian tradition. Makes a difference between metaphrasis replacing a single word with a single word paraphrasis replacing a phrase with a phrase. Jerome model translation Bible latin Vulgate (405. y). Translated sense-for-sense, kind of that word-for-word. German Romanticism individual authors vision. Author is a creator. Shlegel all writings in act o f translationSchleiermacher translator could take the reader along and make him walk with the author or in the other way around.. Word-for-word translation onorthodox view of translation. Herder, Goethe, Humbolt, the Shlegel brothers, Shleiermacher translations of Homeric epics, the Greek tragedies and Shakespeare Emergence of the German tradition as opposed to the French strive for an independent literary culture Goethe 3 stages of translation 1) aquainted us the foreign language in his own terms (Luther mightss Bible) 2) French tradition use of its own criteria, own rules.3) The same idendity between source and target language. Eugene Nida. Formal equivalence attention to the modify of message, both form and content Dynamic / functional equivalence seeks the closest natural equivalence for the source language message Principles 1. making sense 2. conveyancing the spirit and manner of the original 3. having a natural and easy form of expression 4. producing a similar resp onse 1. give a complete counterpart of the ideas of the original work. 2. reproduce the style and manner of writing of the original. 3.have all the ease of the original composition. Nidas equivalent effect criticized too have-to doe with with the word level difficult or impossible to achieve overly theological Nida differentiates between Linguistic meaning. the meaningful relationship between words, phrases and sentences. Referential meaning. the words as symbols which refer to objects, events, abstracts, relations Methods hierarchical structuring, componential analysis, semantic structure analysis Emotive meaning Toury? s norm theory Defines social norms. Preliminary norm concerned with translation policy.The initial norm expressed through operational norms which direct actual decisions made during the translating process. Corpus studies Corpus compurerized collection of documents A token severally word as it occurs A type each different word The type-token ratio is a text? s lexical density(tihedus) Postcolonialism Resist domination fury on the impact and significance of translation in a context of political, military, economic and cultural power differentials (vahe) Is characterizied by hybridity (ristandumine) and self-reflection. side of meat theory Early English translation of the Bible John Wycliffe published Bibles English version (late 14th c). Tried to translate the meaning, but preserve its form. William Tyndale 1525 Bibles German version (Greek) The King James Bible 1611 Bibles English version Early translations of the Bible in English Wycliffe Bible 1380-1384 rewrite by John Purvey in 1408 . Published Bible English version. Trying to translate the meaning but preserve its form (w-for-w) William Tyndale 1525 (w-for-w) Bishops Bible 1568. The King James Bible the Authorized Version 1604 -1611 John Dryden on translation 1) metaphrase word-for-word 2) paraphrase sense-for-sense 3)imitation absolute freedom. Tytler 18th c 1) translation should give source language complete context. 2) style and manner should be similar. 3) reader should see it as fluid as original text. Essays on the translations, self-standing thoughts on translations, artistic use = transl. Edward Fitzgerald Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam Persian poetry, imperial attitude.quatrain rhyme scheme AABA Early theory and practice of translation in England draws on two traditions Classical Latin translation, from the Greek Early Christian Latin translation from the Scriptures, the Hebrew, Aramaic King Alfred (871-99) and his policy of translation. Augustines Soliloquies and Gregorys Pastoral Care Gregorys Dialogues Bedes Ecclesiastical memoir of the English People Benedictine reform a revival of monasticism, ?lfrics homilies a need to educate the uneducated.